-
Mafhoom al-sababiyah 'anda al-Ghazali. (مفهوم السببية عند الغزالي) (Al-Ghazali's Concept of Causality.) by A. Y. al-Marzouki. (PDF).
- Al-Ghazali's second casual theory in the 17th discussion of the Tahafut. M. Marmura in Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, P. Morewedge (ed.), Delmar (N.Y.): Caravan Books, pp. 85–112. (PDF)
- Marmura, M. 1995, “Ghazâlian Causes and Intermediaries,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 115: 89–100.
- MOAD, OMAR EDWARD, "Al-Ghazali’s occasionalism and the natures of creatures", Philosophy of Religion (2005) 00:1–8. (PDF). wap
- German: Rudolph, Ulrich. 2000, A study of the 17th discussion (on causality) of the Tahafut in: Dominik Perler und Ulrich Rudolph: Occasionalismus. Theorie der Kausalität im arabisch-islamischen und im europäischen Denken, Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht pp. 57-105.
- Islamic Occasionalism and its critique by Averroes and Aquinas by M. Fakhry.(PDF)
- Dutton, B.D., 2001, “Al-Ghazali on Possibility and the Critique of Causality,” Medieval Philosophy and Theology 10: 23–46. (link to abstract)
- Al-Ghazali on Action by Kwame Gyekye (PDF) in Ghazali: la raison et le miracle (1987):83-91.
- Al Ghazali on Causality by A. Ilyon (PDF)
- Al-Ghazali On Necessary Casuality in The Incoherence of the Philosophers. S. Ricker. The Monist. La Salle, Illinois. 1996; 79,3: 315-24.(PDF)
- Did Al Ghazali deny Causality by L. E. Goodman (PDF)
- Al-Ghazali, Causality, and Knowledge. By P. Adamson. (link)
- CAUSALITY AND DIVINE ACTION. By: M. H. Kamali (link)
- Medieval Aristotelianism and the case against Secondary Causality in Nature. by A. J. Freddoso (link)
- Al-Ghazali's theory of Causality by B. Abrahamov (PDF)
- Al-Ghazali's Use of the Terms "Necessity" and "Habit" in his Theory of Natural Causality. By Sobhi Rayan. Theology and Science: Vol. 2, No. 2 (October 2004) pp. 255-268. (Abstract)
- Harding, Karen "Causality Then and Now: Al Ghazali and Quantum Theory", American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Volume 10, Summer 1993, Number 2. (PDF)
General information on Occasionalism and Causality:
-
Occasionalism: The International Society for the Study of Occasionalism: (link)
- Causality:
muslimphilosophy
.com/ip/rep/H005.htm -
Also the following on Western occassionalism: muslimphilosophy
.com/ip/rep/K057.htm -
There is also: muslimphilosophy
.com/ed001/causation.htm -
more as well: muslimphilosophy
.com/ip/cause.htm
Page Information:
* How to make the most of this site and all about downloading files.
* Page updated on: 2007-09-27.
* URL: http://www.ghazali.org/site/on-cause.htm.
* Site © Copyright 2007 by Muhammad Hozien. All rights reserved. This site is dedicated to academic study of Imam abu Hamid al-Ghazali. Individual content may have its own individual copyrights. See copyright information.