Arabic Alphabet

Primary letters

Stand-alone Initial Medial Final Name Trans. Value
أ ؤ إ ئ ٵ ٶ ٸ ځ, etc. hamza ʾ / ’ [ʔ]
ʾalif ā / â [aː]
bāʾ b [b]
tāʾ t [t]
ṯāʾ ṯ / th [θ]
ǧīm ǧ / j / dj [ʤ]
ḥāʾ [ħ]
ḫāʾ ḫ / ẖ / kh [x]
dāl d [d]
ḏāl ḏ / dh [ð]
rāʾ r [r]
zāy z [z]
sīn s [s]
šīn š / sh [ʃ]
ṣād [sˁ]
ﺿ ḍād [dˁ], [ðˤ]
ṭāʾ [tˁ]
zāʾ [zˁ], [ðˁ]
ʿayn ʿ / ‘ [ʔˤ]
ġayn ġ / gh [ɣ]
fāʾ f [f]
qāf q / ḳ [q]
kāf k [k]
lām l [l]
mīm m [m]
nūn n [n]
hāʾ h [h]
wāw w [w]
yāʾ y [j]

Letters lacking an initial or medial version are never tied to the following letter, even in a word. As to hamza,, it has only a single graphic, since it is never tied to a preceding or following letter. Source: http://ee.www.ee/transliteration/pdf/Arabic.pdf

Here is a graphic list of the Alphabet:

Here yet another graphic list of the Alphabet:

Here yet another graphic list of the Alphabet in comparison to other scripts:

Abjad:

Abjad letter-numerals are the letters of the Arabic alphabet given numerical values. They could thus be used in various combinations to represent any number from 1 to 1999. It is not a place-notational system, for their value does not depend upon their position relative to one another. Thus the number 652 would be represented by the letters kha', [= 600], nun [= 50], and ba' [= 2], no matter in what order the letters were arranged. The name abjad comes from the first four letters in the sequence to which values 1, 2, 3, and 4 were assigned, that is, letters, alif, ba', jim, and dal. The symbol for zero was derived from Greek astronomical and mathematical manuscripts where a symbol was often used as an abbreviation for the Greek word ouden, meaning "nothing". The letter-numerals for numbers 1 through 50 were the same throughout the Islamic lands, but there were differences between the Western areas and the Eastern when it came to assigning letters to the remaining values, as can be seen in the following table:

Arabic numerals

There are two kinds of numerals used in Arabic writing; standard Arabic numerals, and "EastArab" numerals, used in Arab writing in Iran, Pakistan and India.

Standard numerals
٠ 0
١ 1
٢ 2
٣ 3
٤ 4
٥ 5
٦ 6
٧ 7
٨ 8
٩ 9
EastArab numerals
۰ 0
۱ 1
۲ 2
۳ 3
۴ 4
۵ 5
۶ 6
۷ 7
۸ 8
۹ 9

I hope these have been helpful, it takes a while to find this stuff but its out there!